The Harlem Renaissance Essay -- essays research papers fc

HARLEM RENAISSANCE Throughout the history of African Americans, there have been important historical figures as well as times. Revered and inspirational leaders and eras like, Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement, Nat Turner and the slave revolt, or Huey Newton and the Black Panther Party. One such period that will always remain a significant part of black art and culture is the Harlem Renaissance. It changed the meaning of art and poetry, as it was known then. Furthermore, the Harlem Renaissance forever left a mark on the evolution of the black culture. The Harlem Renaissance found its birth in the early 1920’s, in Harlem, New York. The period has been thought of as one of African Americans greatest times in writing. After War World I in 1918, African Americans were faced with one of the lowest points in history since the end of slavery. Poverty increased greatly in the South, as did the number of lynchings. The fear of race riots in the South caused large number of African Americans to move North between 1919 and 1926, to cities such as Chicago and Washington D.C. The idea that an educated black person should lead blacks to liberation was first founded from the works of W.E.B. DuBois. He also believed that blacks could not gain social equality by imitating the ideas of white people. Equality would have to be achieved by teaching black racial pride with an emphasis on black cultural heritage. The Cultural Revolution began as a series of literacy discussions in bars and coffee shops of lower Manhattan (Greenwich Village) and (Upper Manhattan) Harlem. Jean Toomer did one of the first and highly praised works. This would be Toomer’s only contribution to a time that he would later reject. Toomer is also known for his exquisite poetry like; Cotton Song, Evening Song, Georgia Dusk and Reapers. Jane Weldon Johnson had written the controversial â€Å"Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man† in 1924 and he had also edited â€Å" The Book of American Negro Poetry.† This collection included many of the Renaissance’s most talented poets. Included was Claude McKay, a Jamaican born writer. Weldon’s collection also included a young talented poet named Langston Hughes. Hughes had a love for music, mainly the blues, which became a bridge between African American Literature and Folk music. Zora Neale Hurston, an anthropologist originally... ... Furthermore, with that knowledge going on to have racial esteem, to do great things and influence others, thus making a mark on the world. The Harlem Renaissance taught future artist to look at art from an all-encompassing view. It knocked down barriers between literary and musical expression. The Renaissance added a new chapter in American History. A chapter that would highlight the African American thoughts and feelings as well as display their many talents. Bibliography Huggins, Nathan Irvin. Harlem Renaissance. New York: Oxford University Press.1971. Lewis, David Levering. When Harlem was in vogue. New York: Oxford University Press.1979. Reuben, Paul P. "Chapter 9: Harlem Renaissance - An Introduction." PAL: perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. URL: http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap9/9intro.html, 1999. Roses, Lorraine E. Harlem Renaissance and Beyond: Literary Biographies of 100 Black women Writers, 1900-1945. Boston: Gik. Hall, 1990. Tate, Claudia. Domestic allegories of political desire: The black heroine's text at the turn of the century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Issue In Health Policy And Management Essay

Introduction The element of well-being is a natural concern for the whole of mankind. It involves the maintenance of a balance, within him or her, with his or her fellow being and with the environment. The integral role of the individual’s health however is of extreme importance. The spectator of health care verses medical care. Health care refers to the prevention, remedy and handling of illness and the upholding of mental and physical stature through the services of the allied institutions include social insurance, which is a government undertaking for the underprivileged, injured, aged or even jobless citizenry. A pool of contributions from employers and also government income funds social insurance. Health care also includes medical aid, and is a federal state funded program that avails health care form the needy. Primary health care is the aspect of professional health care availed to the patients or distressed at first contact with the health care system. Medical care or Medicare is an insurance section of health care for the aged, focusing on the age 65 and over, that is funded and managed by the federal system. Whereas medical care is dedicated to serving a given age, health care is a broad section (that also includes medical care). The relationship between Health care, and the roots of our cultural convictions; Cultural convictions, existing as ethical and social values dictate the context within which systems function. Civil values like the special stewardship for safeguarding the sacredness of life and the Hippocratic oath influence health care immensely. The relationship of health care and other society demands creates another set of values i. e.availing consumers their respect, high quality service, provision and good value for money whereas consuming employee safely, fairness and a sensitive system (to their plight) they can be proud of. † Religion; essentially spirituality counts more so in matters of health care. Take the example of the Salvation Army movement on the blood transfusion debate. Some other religions will not allow the grafting of tissue from other individuals other than the patient. Constraining health care outreach to the desired of subject, as doctors and nurses refuse to perform medical procedures due to their personal beliefs. Dr. Saha Somnath in the study of the â€Å"Relevance of Cultural Distance between Patients and Physicians to Racial Disparities in Health care† portends that; â€Å"patients reported better relationship when seeing physicians of their own ethnicity or race. † explains the cultural racial disparities in health care. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As addressed to the health care forum, in May 1998 by Daniel Yankelovich† Americans have embraced an expanding pluralism of groups, ways of thinking, points of view, subcultures and values. † That as the world changes and newer systems are embraced its necessary that our social values which concurrently impact on the economy and spiritual (belief) beings be on a balance with the health policy we pursue. References 1. Harold G. , A cross cultural Dialogue On Healthcare Ethics, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1999, USA. 2. Lee G. , A Cross Cultural Analysis of Values and Political Economy Issues. Greenwood/Praeger 1994, USA. 3. Susan H. , Religions, Culture and Healthcare: A practical handbook for use in Healthcare Enviroments, Radcliffe Publishing, 2006.

Contemporary trends in corporate finance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1274 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Brief: 194364 Title: Contemporary trends in corporate finance Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Contemporary trends in corporate finance" essay for you Create order This report looks at the contemporary trends in corporate finance in the UK. The major trends and their implications are analysed below. Major trends in corporate finance Growth in private equity Private equity has grown rapidly over the last decade. Private equity has grown both in number of deals it is involved in and also the size of companies being taken private. In UK, a consortium led by CVC is bidding for J Sainsbury and another consortium led by KKR is bidding for Boots (Larsen, 2007 I). Both of the above two deals are valued at around  £10 billion. The growth in private equity has been fuelled by the interest of new investors in private equity and availability of cheap debt. Pension funds and wealthy investors are now putting more of their investments in private equity resulting in huge amount of investment funds with private equity. Due to high amount of cash at their disposal, it makes more economical sense for private equity firms to invest in larger deals rather than chasing a large number of smaller deals. UK has also been subject to higher buyout activity from non-UK buyout firms. Acquisitions in the UK by foreign companies in the first three quarters of 2005 exceeded the values for such deals for 2003 and 2004 (Dolbeck, 2005). Both CVC and KKR are US-based firms keenly pursuing buyouts in UK. . Big high street banks have also set up their own private equity funds. Lloyds TSBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s LDC invests in UK mid-market with up to  £100 million in private equity[1]. Investment and participation by investment banks Previously investment banks participation in private equity was limited to advising private equity and/or companies and raising capital for private equity companies. But in the last few years, investment banks have also started investing alongside private equity firms. Not only that investment banks are also raising their own funds to invest on their own or alongside with private equity firms. Merrill Lynch is even investing from its own funds[2]. Investment banks participation stems mainly because of the two reasons. First, they generate lucrative fees on the overall deal. Second, investment banks earn good returns on their money invested. Emergence of hedge funds in diverse investment instruments Hedge funds are investing in securities of longer term lock-in periods. Hedge funds active in the leveraged buyout market are providing subordinate debt and payment-in-kind securities. A consortium of hedge funds helped finance Malcolm Glazers pound  £790 million takeover of Manchester United FC by taking payment-in-kind securities (The Lawyer, 2006). This has brought hedge funds in direct competition to established companies funding such investments. Hedge funds have also started taking active roles in changing companies in distress or special situations. Availability of cheap debt Growth in private equity has been fuelled by availability of cheap debt. Increase in corporate earnings over the last few years and reduced interest rates allowed banks to increase their lending for acquisitions. Stable economic environment in UK has also increased bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appetite for risk. Private equity investors are often borrrowing six to seven times the equity they are putting in the deal[3]. Emergence of activist investors Activist investors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" individual investors and / or hedge funds à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" are taking more active role in forcing companies to restructure and increase shareholders value. Cadbury Schweppes recently agreed to demerge its businesses and list them separately to increase shareholder value. The company had previously decided not to take this route but the turnaround came swiftly after appearance of the US activist Nelson Peltz as one of the main shareholders (Jackson, 2007). Hedge funds are now coming out in open and asking companies to take drastic actions to increase their returns. Implications Corporate debt to equity ratio Companies with good and predictable cash flows are facing more prospects of being acquired by private equity firms. Mature businesses with significant proportion of their assets in tangible and physical assets offer good securities against which buyout firms can raise cheap loans. To reduce their likelihood of being taken over by buyout firms, companies are raising more debts and returning cash to shareholders. It is do or die scenario in some cases as companies reluctant to take on more leverage could find themselves on the receiving end of a takeover bid (Larsen, 2007 II). This has led to increase in debt to equity ratios of companies. Stagecoach plc is returning  £700 million to its shareholders. Because of disposal of some of its businesses, the company had a net fund position of  £140 million in October 06 (Stagecoach, 2007). Stagecoach will have to take debt to finance the return of capital to the shareholders. According to Modigliani and Millerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s proposition II, the expected return on equity of a levered firm increases in proportion to the debt to equity ratio (Brealey Myers). Higher debt should then raise shareholders return but it also increases the chances of bankruptcy. Some of the corporate decisions, made under the influence of active investors, may appear to be good for shareholders in short-term. Return of cash or separating businesses may increase shareholders value but would expose companies to risk of high interest rate or may not leave them with sufficient cash to pursue growth opportunities in future. Increase in interest rates Higher buyout activity and return of capital to shareholders have been funded by availability of cheap debt. But with the continuing increase in house prices and moderate to high inflation, Bank of England has been raising interest rates. Due to higher financial leverage, companies with higher debt will have to incur more interest charges if interest rates increase. Additionally consumers, who have taken more mortgages on their homes, will find that they have lower income at their disposal after paying higher mortgages. Lower income and higher interest charges will likely lead to reduction in companies earning and increase their chances of bankruptcy. Dividend With a view to avoid being acquired by buyout firms, companies are increasing dividend to better utilise cash sitting in the business or its ability to raise cheaper funds. This is also done under pressure from hedge funds who are pressurising companies to increase their share prices by efficient use of funding and return of capital. Last few years have seen growth in private equity deals, both in number of deals and size of individual deals. This has been fuelled by the increase in funds available with buyout firms and also by the availability of more and cheap debt. Also activist investors are pushing firms to increase shareholder value. Companies are now taking steps to return capital to shareholders to avoid being taken private. All of the above has resulted in higher amount of debt for companies with stable cash flows and exposing them to bankruptcy risks in case interest rates rise further and consumers demand slows down. BIBLIOGRAPHY REFRENCES Brealey, R.A. S.C. Myers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Principles of corporate financeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Sixth edition, Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, pg. 481 Dolbeck, A. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mergers and acquisitions around the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Weekly Corporate Growth Report, Santa Barbara, 19 December 2005, Iss. 1370, Pg. 1 Jackson, T. (2007). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The public company is battered but not brokenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Financial Times, 19 March 2007 Larsen, P.T. (2007, I). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Private equity bids keep on growingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Financial Times, 28 March 2007 Larsen, P.T. (2007, II). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Takeovers reach a record highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Financial Times, 25 January 2007 The Lawyer (2006). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Private equity funds bristle as hedge funds muscle inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , The Lawyer, London, Feb13, 2006. Pg. 13 Stagecoach (2007). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Proposed return of value of approximately  £700 million to Shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (https://investegate.co.uk/Article.aspx?id=200703140701329088S), 14 March 2007. [1] Lloyds TSB LDC (https://www.ldc.co.uk/), 6th April 2007 [2] Larsen, P.T. (2007, I). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Private equity bids keep on growingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Financial Times, 28 May 2007 [3] Larsen, P.T. (2007, I). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Private equity bids keep on growingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Financial Times, 28 May 2007

Robin Hood and Feudalism Essay - 1308 Words

Robin Hood and Feudalism ROBIN HOOD In the years of King Richard the Lionheart (1189-1199) there lived a brave and intelligent man called Robin Hood. He was a feared outlaw, who loved liberty and hated oppression. He took the law into his own hands and robbed the rich to give to the poor. People loved him and thought of him as a justice-maker. In time he acquired a heroic reputation and came to represent the ideal of heroism of his age. Stories about him and his closest friends Friar Tuck, Little John, and Maid Marian may be found in the time. They say that Robin Hood and his companions lived in Sherwood Forest, near Nottingham. They were called the ‘merry men’ and used to wear green clothes, a particular shade of green, called†¦show more content†¦A lord would grant land to another noble in exchange for protection and military services. This grant was called a fief. Those who received fiefs were called vassals. Within the fief, the vassal was the highest authority. Fiefs coul d be various seizes. Some were single estates just big enough for a knight and his family. Others were large, as big as an entire country or province. The vassals promised the lord military services. Military service was their main obligation. This service was usually limited to forty days a year. Vassals also owed payments call aids on certain occasions. When a lord’s oldest daughter married the vassal made special payments as a gift. The vassal also had to pay for the arming of the lords oldest son when he became a knight. Vassals pledged to pay the ransom for their lord in the event of his capture during war. A vassal’s son usually inherited his father’s responsibility to serve and pay aids. Before receiving the fief, the son had to pay a fee called a relief. The amount of payment all depended on the size of the fief. The lord in turn, had obligations to his vassals. He promised the vassal protection and could not deny the vassal’s claim to the fief. If at any time an outsider tried to steal the vassal’s fief, the lord would join in with his other knights to aid him. Levack states: â€Å"The bond of loyalty between lord and vassal was formalized by an oath. The oath established personalShow MoreRelatedFeudal System in Medieval Europe2265 Words   |  10 Pagesit   is   believed   that   between   80†90%   of   the   economic   activity   was   agriculture.   Nearly   everybody   therefore,   earned   a   living   through   agriculture   as   an   economic   activity.   The   economic  structure  prevailing  then  became  known  as  Feudalism,  a  term  which  has  come   to  mean,  an  economic  system  based  on  Lordship  (ownership)  of  vast  Land  (also  known   as   the   ‘manor’   or   ‘estate’),   owned   by   a   senior   lord,   who   gave   the   right   of   cultivation   (fief)   to   a   lower   rank   of   people

Goals and Objectives of Security Organization Essay

Running Head: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF SECURITY ORGANIZATION Goals and Objectives of Security Organization Judy M. Galarza University of Phoenix SEC / 310 September 19, 2010 Goals and Objectives of Security Organization Security plays a major role in both the business and government worlds. We will discuss the legal aspects of organizational security management. Discuss both the positive and negative influences regarding organizational security. We will also be discussing what consequences will both business and government operations have to overcome if they fail to achieve security goals and objectives. The value private security management brings to businesses will also be discussed. Legal aspects. When thinking of†¦show more content†¦Positive and negative influences. The root causes of most incidents result from lack of attention or from counterproductive attitudes and behaviors or awareness, attitudes and behaviors of other people. It can develop a sense of false security regarding their ability to control or protect themselves as well as the employer as they carry out their work. Ensuring all employees are properly trained will keep the negative influences to a minimum. Companies must keep in mind that even though there business is number one priority, its not just about the numbers at the end of the day. Security plays a vital part to ensure those numbers are at expected levels if they want to continue to stay in business for long. It is a matter of balancing all management key influences to run a profitable and reliable business. Consequences of failing. The goals set the vision, and the objectives are the specific results that must be obtained to achieve success. Regardless of what the business assets that are to be secured, information or technical assets, physical plant, personnel, the organization must have a security strategy that can be implemented, measured, and revised as the business climate and operational environment change ( Caralli, 2004). Failing to ensure the safety of secured information can have devastating consequences. One great example, on September 16, 2010 one of the most prestigious hospitals in theShow MoreRelatedGoals and Objectives for a Security Organization605 Words   |  2 PagesGoals and Objectives for a Security Organization Over the past few years, as the security organization has had to grapple with an increasingly complex threat landscape and a much more visible role in the organization, the expectations of the business have also significantly increased while the business expects that security will do all this and take on additional responsibilities while keeping its headcount virtually static (Khalid Dines, 2010). Furthermore, the legal requirements and threatsRead MoreGoals and Objectives1168 Words   |  5 PagesGoals and Objectives for a Security Organization Security organizations play a major role in the daily functions in both business and government operations. These functions are multi-faceted and must achieve specific goals and objectives. Security organizations that effectively implement goals and objectives into their structure maintain superiority over others. This superiority not only demands for excellence in carrying out their goals and objectives but also tailoring these objectives to theirRead MoreThe Plan And Budget After The Homeland Security792 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolved in developing a Homeland Security Plan and Budget after the Homeland Security Assessment of the organization has been completed is to first develop the Vision statement The Vision statement is XYZ organization will be the industry leader in providing â€Å"Best Practices† that support homeland security among employees, suppliers, partners, and customers. The second step is to develop the Mission statement, and Mission statement creates ownership of homeland security initiatives among all levels ofRead MoreSec 310 Security Manager Role1168 Words   |  5 PagesSecurity Manger’s Role 2/8/14 SEC 310 Just as any other role in an organization, you need to set yourself goals and standards for yourself and your company. Without any of these, nothing can get accomplished. If you do not give yourself a bar to reach for, you are basically sitting in a stagnant place. A security manager, just like any other management position has objectives they must complete. Just as the title says, their main goal is to identify what the assets of the organizationRead MoreWhat Is Risk Management And A Structure For Advancement845 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant and key part of the organizations. With expanding innovation progresses, organizations have understood the unquestionable advantages of Information Technology (IT) to build the quality, precision and speed of undertakings and most directors have turned out to be mindful of the significance of its utilization in expanding productivity and adequacy of organizations and more fulfilled clients and have set up and utilized data frameworks. The n for organizations to utilize the data innovationRead MoreDepartments Strategic Objectives, And Key Services1131 Words   |  5 PagesPurpose The purpose of this memo is inform staff of the new IT department’s structure. This document outlines the department’s strategic objectives, and key services they it provides. Leadership Philosophy As the new CIO of RR the leadership philosophy that I have adopted revolves around getting the tools needed to the people that need them. For instance, providing the financial team with a system that allows quickly report information up the chain. The management style that I find most effectiveRead MoreControls for Information Technology, Reporting and Evaluation718 Words   |  3 Pagesperformed by employees and operating systems specifically designed to ensure business objectives and goals are met. Although IT controls are different than internal controls both are vital functions of an organization that are both reported and evaluated on a regular basis. IT control objectives are based on confidentiality, integrity, data available, and general management of IT functions of the organization. IT general and application controls are based on information technology environmentRead MoreCareer Working With A Developed Focus On Governance, Risk Management, And Compliance ( Grc ) Essay 852 Words   |  4 Pagescareer working directly with Information Security Systems Technologies. For example; administration, support, engineering, architecture, analyst, and management teams. A hybrid acumen and heightened ability to identify, analyze, understand, communicate, and execute, while balancing technical complexities with business requirements. Strives to infuse added-value and is extremely accomplished in achieving both short-term objectives long-term company goals through relationship building and strategicRead MoreEssay about President Bush And Us Foreign Policy1683 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States election in 2000 raised a debate between democrat and republican and in the end the American people chose a new leader Mr. George w. Bush. President Bush clearly defined foreign policy objectives and goals. I have seen and hear our dear President Bush foreign policy after September 11. Following this, Bush has established its top priorities in foreign policy. He cl aims that an acts in the government to improve the international community through negotiation and cooperation. LikewiseRead MorePlanning for Security945 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Moura Chapter 2: Planning for Security Review Questions 1. Describe the essential parts of planning. How does the existence of resource constraints affect the need for planning? Answer: Organizational planning, described below, and Contingency planning, which focuses on planning or unforeseen events. Organizations must be able to forecast their needs relative to available resources as best they can to insure best decision making. 2. What are the three common

The Beautiful Country of Tanzania Free Essays

The United Republic of Tanzania is located in Southeast Africa. The country includes the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. Tanzania is a beautiful country with lovely beaches, mountains, national parks, and people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beautiful Country of Tanzania or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is also the country where you can find Tanzanite, a dazzling blue stone that is astonishing everyone in the world one at a time. Arabs from Oman, who settled in Zanzibar in the 7th century A. D, first founded Tanzania. In the beginning of the 19th century, British and German explorers visited the mainland of Tanzania. The British then took over the country. After World War 1 was over, British rule came to and, but they were not given back their independence. After World War 2, they finally were granted independence and complete freedom from Britain. In 1954, Julius K. Nyerere made the Tanganyika National Union, which became the dominate political party. 1964, Neyerere proposed that Tanganyika and Zanzibar should merge into a single republic within the British Commonwealth. In 1964, the union changed their name to Tanzania, which we now know it as today. But within this, what it seems like, perfect country, there is an extreme issue that is causing problems with energy consumption, Biomass. Biomass is a renewable resource that can be cultivated by man, or grow wild. It is natures â€Å"store house† of solar energy and chemical resources. Ninety-two percent of energy used up in Tanzania comes from Biomass. Because of the lack of market mechanisms in the rural areas, and the result of imbalances in supply and demand, people are forced to use up all Biomass resources. This problem is especially growing in some urban areas, and if demand is met from natural forests in the peri-urban areas, a serious local deforestation may result. Also at the same time, open brush fires and wood clearing for non-energy needs are by far responsible for deforestation in the country. Forests are cleared for reasons which people think are good, but when they do this, it is really hurting them. When they ruin the forests for reasons such as agriculture, shelter, firewood, and many other reasons, people are forced to use other Biomass resources such as animal waste in rural households because the increasing depletion of wood. This can not go on forever and someone must find a solution to this. To enhance the Biomass resource, there is a need for â€Å"a holistic supply management approach which recognizes the competing uses of land†, which was said by a household energy speaker. Tanzania is presently trying to ensure enough supply and efficient use of energy throughout the country. This is known as â€Å"The Energy Policy of Tanzania†. The policies goal is to reconcile the need to ensure continuity and security of energy supply on one hand and the need to reduce the burden on the economy of energy imports on the other. This will include an approach that recognizes the competing uses of land. The main strategy would be to enhance the management of the existing resource base, and combine the growing of multi-purpose trees with other agricultural activities. This should show that fuelwood is just one of the many products that come out of the agricultural system. The policy also calls for the development of more appropriate land management practices and betters woodfuel technologies. Other goals are to get rid of hydroelectric sources, develop and use natural gas resources, and step up petroleum exploration activities. The people of Tanzania are going to be doing everything possible to improve the use of energy. If the situation there does not change, bad things are going to happen. Homes in Tanzania take in more energy then some businesses. If this does not change, pretty soon there will barely be enough energy for lights to work. After energy is consumed properly, life will be a lot easier for people to in Tanzania to live. How to cite The Beautiful Country of Tanzania, Essay examples

Airlines Australian International Market -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Airlines Australian International Market? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this task is to provide a brief about the activities of the company Emirates. The Emirates Airlines is an organization which was originated in the year 1985. The airline is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group which is wholly owned by the government of Dubai. The company is the largest airlines of middle-east Asia which operates 3600 flights per week from its Dubai international airport to 140 cities or more in 81 countries and six continents. Further it shall also be noted that the company has attained fourth position in worlds largest airlines. Activities of Emirates are divided into two sectors that are Emirates SkyCargo and Emirates Executive. SkyCargo is an air freight division of the company which was originated in the year 1985 and executive was originated in the year 2013 by the company to provide assistance of corporate and private charters (Emirates, 2018). Further, the below mentioned report talks about the marketing mix of the company Emirates. Marketing mix refers to the combination of factors which tells about the attribute of the company. This tool is helps organizations in pursuing their marketing objective. The task explains 8ps that are product, price, place, promotion, physical evidence, people, distribution and partnership. Furthermore, it explains the competitive analysis of the company and contemporary issues faced by the management. More details about the task are discussed below: The marketing mix of Emirates airline is discussed below: The company has a mixed fleet of products in their portfolio like Airbus corporate charter and Boeing wide body aircrafts. In order to gain competitiveness the company always remains competent and innovative with its products and services provided in the market. The products of Emirates include excellent and consistent services which paved the way for the company to rapidly grow in the international as well as domestic market. The company provide both personal and profession approach towards their customers so as to increase the level of satisfaction (Farouk, Cherian, Shaaban, 2017). The company is the first one to supply personalized videos, shower facilities and private suite in their aircrafts. This activity of the company helped them to gain acceptance in the whole market. Further the services are provided as first class, business class and economic class services. Further it shall be noted that apart from providing airlines services the company also provides better housing and healthcare facilities to its employees so as to keep them happy and satisfied (Beik, Galbraith,2016). As Dubai is a link between the east and the west part of the world, so that the company gains the advantage to serve more services at low cost in the market. Emirates serve low cost tickets in the market, if compared to other airlines companies. The company uses shortest available routes and offer direct flight services to its customers so as to eliminate the increment in the cost on tickets. Further, due to direct flights in many destinations the company enjoys the advantage of effective pricing policy in the market. With this policy the customers also save their income which increases their satisfaction level towards the company (Mumtaz, 2017). Emirates also hire people at low cost which automatically reduces the fare charges and low pricing strategy. The company also uses the dynamic pricing strategy to manage the seat capacity on the airplanes so as to get highest available price to every seat which they sell. This results in flexible pricing of the seats. Being headquartered in Dubai, the organization manages all its operations from Dubai airport itself. Further Emirates operates around 3500 flights averagely in a week and the network of the company is spread through six continents and eighty one countries and one hundred and forty cities in total. Further the company is indulged in providing non-stop commercial flight services via long routes like Dubai to Dallas, Los Angles, Houston and San Francisco (Shaw, 2016). Emirates also use strategic hub locations to gain the top most position of global transporter in the external market. This activity also helps the company to maximize their benefits as well. The airlines believe is providing direct flights to the customers to increase their level of satisfaction. Distribution strategy is use by the company to allocate and distribute tickets through travel agents and tour operators present in different parts of the market. The company also provides various services through its official website (Coleman, 2015). Promotion The organization launched a promotional campaign for the airline to become more competent in the target market. Fly Emirates. Keep Discovering is the slogan of the company, and the vision of the company is to build and maintain a position among the global leaders of the airline industry. Considering to that, the company developed above par performance by taking calculative risks and adequately using all the available resources. The company develops marketing tactics to attract more and more customers in the market. Special discounts and package travel tickets etc. are offered to the customers in the market (Charter, 2017). Further the company also launched special but limited packages for children in their promotional plan. Under this package the parents were allowed to travel with two kids of less than sixteen ages; and the cost of accommodation, travel and food would be free for the kids (O'Connell, Bueno, 2016). This campaign was named as The Kids Go Free. Physical Evidence The company Emirates mainly focuses on providing quality services to its customers and provides a pleasant experience while travelling. The company has a dedicated terminal in Dubai which includes the state of art and culture for the comfortability of people. As discussed above, the organization is the first one to provide shower facility, personalized videos etc. in their flight which provide a good ambience to the passengers (Min, Joo, 2016). The airlines have new fleets that are highly equipped with entertainment facilities for its customers. The stylish office buildings, lounges at airport add an additional feature to the fame of the company. A passenger while travelling with an airline wants to travel safely and properly reach their destination. So, the cabin crew of Emirates gains the trust of the customers so that they do not hesitate to communicate their problem on board. So, inn this way the physical evidences helps the organization to increase the satisfaction of customers of the company (Emirates, 2018). The company has 64,768 people in total working with them who are working in the organization with a motive to increase the satisfaction level of the customers. Apart from the customers of the company, the management also aims to satisfy the employees in the market as well. The company has a huge family of employees working with them who belongs to different parts of the world. The management adequately takes care of the cross culture activities so that no persons interest is harmed with their actions. Concerning to interest of the employees, the company also provides bonus to them so as to keep them happy (Emirates, 2018). Talking about the customers, the company carries more than 50 million people with them. So, the organization needs to take care of the requirements of the customers. The employees of the company are 24* 7 available for the customers (Redpath, O'Connell, Warnock-Smith, 2017). Distribution Distribution process includes the distribution of products and services offered by the company. The backbone of the company is its services provided in the market. The management of the company constantly aims to provide maximum optimization of their services to the customers in the market. The organization provides first class lounges, special and additional services, customer relation management services in the environment. All such activities are streamlined on end to end process so that the customer can attain services according to their requirements (Kotler, 2015). The cabin crew of the company distributes quality services to the customers with utmost priority. The company is also known for their welcoming nature and being placed in an airlines company it is important for Emirates to welcome all guest with the cultural heritage so as to increase the sales transaction of the company. Lastly, the website provided by the company helps the company acknowledge themselves with all services provided by the company in the market. The customer can also tell their issues to the company online. The management is 24*7 available to solve the issues of the customers (Wensveen, 2016). Partnership Partnership is initiated by the organization so as to improve their strengths in the market. With respect to that, the company Emirates has partnered with various organizations of same industry to become competent in the target market. Like, Emirates partnered with Qantas to provide services in western parts of the world. This alliance helped the company to reach in those parts of the world where it was impossible for them to reach alone. Further it also helped the company to gain more international customer base in the market. The joint venture collectively helped both the companies to earn good amount of profits in the market. Emirates Skywards has also partnered with various organizations to achieve success in the target market (Holland, Jacobs, Klein, 2015). Marketing Strategy The organization has segmented the market in two basic categories that are, profitable and unprofitable sector. The profitable sector is the business traveller and unprofitable sector is one economic class services provided by the company. The business class passengers of the company give the highest profit to them. Further the company targets the customers who aim to get luxury services in the market. People between the age group of 30-60 are targeted by the company in the market. Emirates Company is positioned at a premium place in the market. The company is known for providing good and innovative services in the market (Piltz, Voltes-Dorta, Suau-Sanchez, 2018). Competitive Analysis The company Emirates initiated various strategies in order to stand high in front of its competitors in the target market. Strategies like cost containment, customer focused etc. were initiated by the organization in the market. Further it shall be noted that the aviation industry has high degree of competition and the competition which the company Emirates faced in the market is discussed below: Etihad and Lufthansa are the major competitors of the company in the market. Further the information about both the companies is discussed below: Etihad Airways Etihad Airways was established in the year 2003 as national airlines of UAE in the market. The company has combined its partnered with many organizations in the market some of them are, Aer Lingus, Virgin Australia, Air Seychelles, and Air Berlin etc. The company is second largest airlines of the UAE after Emirates. So, it shall be noted that Emirates is bigger than Etihad in terms of growth and market share in international environment (Etihad, 2018). Lufthansa The European airlines industry is dynamic and has competition among various companies as well. Deutsche Lufthansa AG was originated in the year 1926 and then re-originated in year 1954. The company is a flag carrier of Germany and is the largest airline of Europe in terms of overall passengers carried as well. Also in international context, the company comes on the fifth position in terms of passenger base. The company serves in 18 domestic, 183 international and 78 countries across 4 continents. Further along with its partners, the company serves in total 410 destinations worldwide. Further comparing both the companies, it shall be noted that Emirates is a fast growing organization and Lufthansa is used to match up to the activities of the company. The company is behind Emirates in terms of revenue and operating profit. Thus, it shall be noted that Emirates Airways is working excellently in its field and is adequately satisfying the requirements of the customers as well. Resulting to which, the company is being placed on the most position in aviation industry of UAE and has more customer base than its competitors. The organization gains the opportunity to penetrate the market growth by expanding its activities in various parts of the world and diversifying their business by partnering with various organizations (Yin, Dargusch, Halog, 2015). Contemporary Issues faced by organization As the company has gained the title of worlds longest airline route in the market due to which the organization faced challenges to survive in the market. The contemporary issues faced by Emirates are listed below: Competition: competition is one of the biggest challenges for the company as there is presence of many rivals for the company in the airlines industry. As discussed above the company has many competitors present in the market. But it shall also be noted that Emirates is prevailing on the highest position in the target market. Competition is one aspect which is constantly present with the company; resulting to which it acts a pressure on the organization to work efficiently otherwise the competitors will overtake them in path of success. Further it shall also be noted that the company needs to spend huge amount of money to keep them competent in the market (Wang, Hsu, 2016). Technology: Technology is an important issue for the organization. The aviation industry keeps on fluctuating and there is constant introduction in innovative technology due to which many times the organization face problem in keep them intact with the technological upgradation. It takes time for the employees to understand the advanced technology and apply them in the activities of the organization; also there is risk for the company while using new technology. If the employees do not correctly apply such innovation then the customer might face problem in this case (Logothetis, Miyoshi, 2016). Labor Unrest: The employees of the organization suffer the problem of unrest. As the activities of the organization run 24*7 due to which the employees suffer. Many times the pilots boycott due to which the company faces the crunch of employees resulting in dissatisfaction of the customers in the market. The cabin crew employees walk out from the company because of pressure of the work (Tembleque-Vilalta, Suau-Sanchez, 2016). Brand reputation: In order to maintain the reputation in the market, the company needs to maintain the image formed in the market. As discussed above the company is positioned at a premium place in the market due to which the customer gets attracted towards the services of the company. So, in order to maintain that image, the needs to hire efficient employees on a regular basis and invest in promotion etc. activities as well. This cost high for the company (Fageda, Suau-Sanchez, Mason, 2015). Fuel Prices: Fuel prices are one of the biggest concerns in the airlines industry as the price keeps on fluctuating. The company cannot increase the prices of tickets in the market otherwise it will dissatisfy them. Also they cannot bear the high price of fuel themselves, so this acts as a major concern for the company. Recommendation The following recommendations can help the company to attain growth in the target market. The details are discussed below: The company shall aim to reduce its operation cost investing in technology which gives them monetary benefit in the market. The cost shall be controlled so as to improve the activities of the organization effectively and efficiently. Reduction in cost will also increase the profits of the company. The organization shall adequately take care of their pilot and other employees. The management shall not pressurize them to work more and they should provide them good workplace environment as well. Also the organization shall focus on providing low cost carrier services as well. As these services are at a boom in the market due to which more customers prefer these low rates services in the market. Companies like Easyjet provide low cost carrier services in the market due to which more customers prefer such services. Further the organization shall diversify their business in different parts of the world. They shall also initiate partnership with different companies of aviation industry so as to increase their customer base as well. Further the company shall also adequately fulfill their corporate social responsibilities in the market. Conclusion Thus in the limelight of above mentioned events, it shall be noted that the company running successfully in the target market. Emirates Company is regarded as best airlines company present in UAE. The company offers premium airlines services, also the organization is known for providing innovative technological services in the market. The company is a part of Emirates group. Further the above mentioned task discusses about the marketing mix of the company along with the information about its competitors and issues faced by them in the market. Thus, report adequately justifies the requirements of the task. References Beik, N., Galbraith, J. (2016). 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